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Salas-Vallina A. (2018). Female leadership and happiness at work: the mediating role of the leader-member exchange. Búsqueda, 5(21), 146-164. https://doi.org/10.21892/01239813.417
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the role of female leadership on folowers’ happiness at work. In addition, it is explored the mediating role of the leader-member exchange (LMX). Method: Survey method was used, examining quantitative data at the individual level through structural equation models. A sample of 292 non-managers in the Spanish hotel sector was used, examining their individual perception of the variables in the research model. Results: Results reveal that female leadership exerts a direct positive effect on followers’ happiness at work, which is also fostered by means of the leader-member exchange. Conclusions: From a theoretical perspective, this research provides a fundamental advance for the Job Demands-Resources Mode, as well as Affective Events Theory: leader female competencies might act as a job resource that results in positive attitudes, which under the Mutual Gains Model would improve followers’ productivity. From a practical perspective, improving leader-follower relationship and quality of life at work from the female leadership allows to know that female demonstrated competencies should be fostered in male managers.
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References
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Anand, S.; Dulebohn, J.; Epitropaki, O.; Goldberg, C.; Hoch, J.E.; Martin, R. y Wu, D. (2018). Current Developments in Leader Member Exchange (LMX): A Research Incubator. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 14.441.
Arvate, P.R.; Galilea, G.W. y Todescat, I. (2018). The queen bee: A myth? The effect of top-level female leadership on subordinate females. The Leadership Quarterly.
Bass, B.M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
Bhat, N. Y Sisodia, R. (2015). Leading with Shakti. Reflections, 14(4), 40-47.
Bhat, N. y Sisodia, R. (2016). Shakti leadership: Embracing feminine and masculine power in business. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Beaman, L.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Duflo, E.; Pande, R. y Topalova, P. (2009). Powerful women: does exposure reduce bias? The Quarterly journal of Economics, 124(4), 1497-1540.
Bennis, W. (2009). On Becoming a Leader. Nueva York: Basic Books.
Brescoll, V. (2016). Leading with their hearts? how gender stereotypes of emotion lead to biased evaluations of female leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 415-428.
Breevaart, K.; Bakker, A.; Hetland, J.; Demerouti, E.; Olsen, O. K. y Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 87(1), 138-157.
Byun, G.; Dai, Y.; Lee, S. y Kang, S. (2017). Leader Trust, Competence, LMX, and Member Performance: A Moderated Mediation Framework. Psychological reports, 120(6), 1137-1159.
Cardona, P. y Rey, C. (2010). Ventaja competitiva empresarial. La organización del liderazgo. Ideas, Revista de Antiguos Alumnos del IESE, 18, 1-3.
Chiva, R.; Alegre, J. y Lapiedra, R. (2007). Measuring organizational learning capability among the workforce. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4), 224-242.
Chinchilla, N., & León, C. (2005). Female Ambition: How to reconcile work and family. Springer.
Cropanzano, R.; Dasborough, M.T. y Weiss, H.M. (2017). Affective events and the development of leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Review, 42(2), 233-258.
Dansereau, F.; Graen, G. y Haga, W.J. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations: a longitudinal investigation of the role making process. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 13(1), 46-78.
Demy, T. J. y Stewart, G. P. (2002). In the Name of God. Harvest House Publishers. Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers
Dinh, J.E.; Lord, R.G.; Gardner, W.L.; Meuser, J.D.; Liden, R.C. y Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36-62.
Doldor, E. y Vinnicombe, S. (2015). Women’s pathways to the boardroom. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 30(7), 1.
Dulebohn, J.H.; Wu, D. y Liao, C. (2017). Does liking explain variance above and beyond LMX? A meta-analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 27(1), 149-166.
Epitropaki, O. y Martin, R. (2015). LMX and work attitudes: is there anything left unsaid or unexamined?. En: T. Bauer y B. Erdogan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Leader-Member Exchange (pp. 139-156). Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
Weiss, H.M. (2002). Conceptual and empirical foundations for the study of affect at work. En: R.G. Lord, R.J. Klimoski, y R. Kanfer (eds.). Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior (pp. 20-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Exceltur. (2017). Recuperado de: https://www.exceltur.org/2017/
Fröhlich, H. (2016). Nach Dem Spiel Ist Vor Dem Spiel. Brandeins Magazine, 82-87.
Gartzia, L. y Van Engen, M. (2012). Are (male) leaders “feminine” enough? Gender traits of identity as mediators of sex differences in leadership styles. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 27(5), 296-314.
Glass, C. y Cook, A. (2016). Leading at the top: understanding women’s challenges above the glass ceiling. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 51-63.
Graen, G. B. Y Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The leadership quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.
Grisson, R. y Kim, J. (2012). Effect size measures that go beyond comparing two averages. Effect size for research. Univariate and multivariate application. Nueva York: Routledge.
Hair, J.F. Jr.; Black, W.C.; Babin, B.J.; Anderson, R.E. y Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. Nueva Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Harrison, D.A.; Newman, D.A. y Roth, P.L. (2006). How important are job attitudes? Meta-analytic comparisons of integrative behavioral outcomes and time sequences. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 305-325.
Henseler, J.C.; Ringle, M. y Sinkovics, R.R. (2009). The use of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-320.
Hsiung, H. H. (2012). Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process. Journal of business ethics, 107(3), 349-361.
Huete, R.; Brotons, M. y Sigüenza, M. (2016). La desigualdad entre mujeres y hombres en el sector hostelero español. Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 25(1), 73-87.
Jackson, A.R.; Alberti, J.L. y Snipes, R.L. (2014). An examination of the impact of gender on leadership style and employee job satisfaction in the modern workplace. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 18(2).
Jones, S. y Gosling, J. (2015). Napoleonic Leadership. California: SAGE Publications.
Kaiser, R.B. y Wallace, W.T. (2016). Gender bias and substantive differences in ratings of leadership behavior: toward a new narrative. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 68(1), 72-89.
Kloutsiniotis, P.V. y Mihail, D.M. (2018). Linking innovative human resource practices, employee attitudes and intention to leave in healthcare services. Employee Relations, 39(1), 34-53.
Kolodinsky, R.W.; Ritchie, W.J. y Kuna, W.A. (2017). Meaningful engagement: Impacts of a ‘calling’work orientation and perceived leadership support. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-18. Doi: 10.1017/jmo.2017.19
Liao, C.; Wayne, S.J.; Liden, R.C. y Meuser, J.D. (2017). Idiosyncratic deals and individual effectiveness: The moderating role of leader-member exchange differentiation. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(3), 438-450.
Liden, R.C. y Maslyn, J. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24, 43-72.
Mestre, M.V.; Samper, P.; Frías, M.D. y Tur, A.M. (2009). Are women more empathetic than men? A longitudinal study in adolescence. The Spanish journal of psychology, 12(1), 76-83.
Muchiri, M. K.; Cooksey, R. W. y Walumbwa, F. O. (2012). Transformational and social processes of leadership as predictors of organisational outcomes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(7), 662-683.
Nahrgang, J.D.; Morgeson, F.P. y Ilies, R. (2009). The development of leader-member exchanges: Exploring how personality and performance influence leader and member relationships over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108, 256-266.
Nunally, J. (1978). Psychometric. Nueva York: McGraw Hill.
O’Callaghan R.; Kaufmann P. y Konsynski (1992). Adoption correlates and share effects of electronic data interchange systems in marketing channels. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 45-56.
O’Donnell, M.; Yukl, G. y Taber, T. (2012). Leader behavior and LMX: a constructive replication. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(2), 143-154.
Ordun, G. y Beyhan Acar, A. (2014). Impact of emotional intelligence on the establishment and development of high-quality leader member exchange (LMX). Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 4(2), 111-129.
Parks, B.J.; Bogart, K.; Reynolds, D.F.; Hamilton, M. y Finley, C.J. (1979). Sourcebook of measures of women’s educational equity. Palo Alto, Estados Unidos: American Institutes for Research.
Pfeffer, J. (2015). Leadership BS: Fixing Workplaces and Careers One Truth at a Time. Nueva York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Podsakoff, P.M.; MacKenzie, S.B.; Moorman, R.H. y Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
Preacher, K.J. y Hayes, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers, 36(4), 717-731.
Ryan, M.K.; Haslam, S.A.; Morgenroth, T.; Rink, F.; Stoker, J. y Peters, K. (2016). Getting on top of the glass cliff: Reviewing a decade of evidence, explanations, and impact. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 446-455.
Salas-Vallina, A.; López-Cabrales, Á.; Alegre, J. y Fernández, R. (2017). On the road to happiness at work (HAW) Transformational leadership and organizational learning capability as drivers of HAW in a healthcare context. Personnel Review, 46(2), 314-338.
Salas-Vallina, A. y Fernandez, R. (2017). The HRM-performance relationship revisited: Inspirational motivation, participative decision making and happiness at work (HAW). Employee Relations, 39(5), 626-642.
Schaufeli, W.B. y Bakker, A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Sears, G.J.; y Hackett, R.D. (2011). The influence of role definition and affect in LMX: A process perspective on the personality-LMX relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84, 544-564.
Seligman, M.E.P. (1999). The President’s Address. American Psychologist, 54, 559-562.
Sin, H.P.; Nahrgang, J.D. y Morgeson, F.P. (2009). Understanding why they don’t see eye to eye: An examination of leader–member exchange (LMX) agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 1048.
Spence, J. R.; Brown, D. J.; Keeping, L. M. y Lian, H. (2014). Helpful today, but not tomorrow? Feeling grateful as a predictor of daily organizational citizenship behaviors. Personnel Psychology, 67(3), 705-738.
Villamil, M. y Alonso, M.D.M. (2013). Posición de las mujeres en los equipos de dirección y el crecimiento de las cadenas hoteleras a nivel mundial. Estudios Turísticos, 198, 35-60.
Wang, D.; Gan, C. y Wu, C. (2016). LMX and employee voice: A moderated mediation model of psychological empowerment and role clarity. Personnel Review, 45(3), 605-615.
Warr, P. e Inceoglu, I. (2012). Job engagement, job satisfaction, and contrasting associations with person–job fit. Journal of occupational health psychology, 17(2), 129-238
Weiss, H.M. (2002). Conceptual and empirical foundations for the study of affect at work. En: R.G. Lord, R.J. Klimoski, y R. Kanfer (eds.). Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior (pp. 20-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Weiss, H.M. y Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: a theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74.
Williams, L.J.; Gavin, M.B. y Hartman, N.S. (2004). Structural Equation Modeling Methods in Strategy Research: Applications and Issues. En: Research Methodology in Strategy and Management. Editores: Ketchen Jr.; D.J. y Bergh, D.D. Oxford: Elsevier. 303-346.
Zhao, X.; Lynch, J.G. Jr. y Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206.
Anand, S.; Dulebohn, J.; Epitropaki, O.; Goldberg, C.; Hoch, J.E.; Martin, R. y Wu, D. (2018). Current Developments in Leader Member Exchange (LMX): A Research Incubator. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 14.441.
Arvate, P.R.; Galilea, G.W. y Todescat, I. (2018). The queen bee: A myth? The effect of top-level female leadership on subordinate females. The Leadership Quarterly.
Bass, B.M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
Bhat, N. Y Sisodia, R. (2015). Leading with Shakti. Reflections, 14(4), 40-47.
Bhat, N. y Sisodia, R. (2016). Shakti leadership: Embracing feminine and masculine power in business. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Beaman, L.; Chattopadhyay, R.; Duflo, E.; Pande, R. y Topalova, P. (2009). Powerful women: does exposure reduce bias? The Quarterly journal of Economics, 124(4), 1497-1540.
Bennis, W. (2009). On Becoming a Leader. Nueva York: Basic Books.
Brescoll, V. (2016). Leading with their hearts? how gender stereotypes of emotion lead to biased evaluations of female leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 415-428.
Breevaart, K.; Bakker, A.; Hetland, J.; Demerouti, E.; Olsen, O. K. y Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 87(1), 138-157.
Byun, G.; Dai, Y.; Lee, S. y Kang, S. (2017). Leader Trust, Competence, LMX, and Member Performance: A Moderated Mediation Framework. Psychological reports, 120(6), 1137-1159.
Cardona, P. y Rey, C. (2010). Ventaja competitiva empresarial. La organización del liderazgo. Ideas, Revista de Antiguos Alumnos del IESE, 18, 1-3.
Chiva, R.; Alegre, J. y Lapiedra, R. (2007). Measuring organizational learning capability among the workforce. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4), 224-242.
Chinchilla, N., & León, C. (2005). Female Ambition: How to reconcile work and family. Springer.
Cropanzano, R.; Dasborough, M.T. y Weiss, H.M. (2017). Affective events and the development of leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Review, 42(2), 233-258.
Dansereau, F.; Graen, G. y Haga, W.J. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations: a longitudinal investigation of the role making process. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 13(1), 46-78.
Demy, T. J. y Stewart, G. P. (2002). In the Name of God. Harvest House Publishers. Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers
Dinh, J.E.; Lord, R.G.; Gardner, W.L.; Meuser, J.D.; Liden, R.C. y Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36-62.
Doldor, E. y Vinnicombe, S. (2015). Women’s pathways to the boardroom. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 30(7), 1.
Dulebohn, J.H.; Wu, D. y Liao, C. (2017). Does liking explain variance above and beyond LMX? A meta-analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 27(1), 149-166.
Epitropaki, O. y Martin, R. (2015). LMX and work attitudes: is there anything left unsaid or unexamined?. En: T. Bauer y B. Erdogan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Leader-Member Exchange (pp. 139-156). Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
Weiss, H.M. (2002). Conceptual and empirical foundations for the study of affect at work. En: R.G. Lord, R.J. Klimoski, y R. Kanfer (eds.). Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior (pp. 20-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Exceltur. (2017). Recuperado de: https://www.exceltur.org/2017/
Fröhlich, H. (2016). Nach Dem Spiel Ist Vor Dem Spiel. Brandeins Magazine, 82-87.
Gartzia, L. y Van Engen, M. (2012). Are (male) leaders “feminine” enough? Gender traits of identity as mediators of sex differences in leadership styles. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 27(5), 296-314.
Glass, C. y Cook, A. (2016). Leading at the top: understanding women’s challenges above the glass ceiling. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 51-63.
Graen, G. B. Y Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The leadership quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.
Grisson, R. y Kim, J. (2012). Effect size measures that go beyond comparing two averages. Effect size for research. Univariate and multivariate application. Nueva York: Routledge.
Hair, J.F. Jr.; Black, W.C.; Babin, B.J.; Anderson, R.E. y Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. Nueva Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Harrison, D.A.; Newman, D.A. y Roth, P.L. (2006). How important are job attitudes? Meta-analytic comparisons of integrative behavioral outcomes and time sequences. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 305-325.
Henseler, J.C.; Ringle, M. y Sinkovics, R.R. (2009). The use of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-320.
Hsiung, H. H. (2012). Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process. Journal of business ethics, 107(3), 349-361.
Huete, R.; Brotons, M. y Sigüenza, M. (2016). La desigualdad entre mujeres y hombres en el sector hostelero español. Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 25(1), 73-87.
Jackson, A.R.; Alberti, J.L. y Snipes, R.L. (2014). An examination of the impact of gender on leadership style and employee job satisfaction in the modern workplace. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 18(2).
Jones, S. y Gosling, J. (2015). Napoleonic Leadership. California: SAGE Publications.
Kaiser, R.B. y Wallace, W.T. (2016). Gender bias and substantive differences in ratings of leadership behavior: toward a new narrative. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 68(1), 72-89.
Kloutsiniotis, P.V. y Mihail, D.M. (2018). Linking innovative human resource practices, employee attitudes and intention to leave in healthcare services. Employee Relations, 39(1), 34-53.
Kolodinsky, R.W.; Ritchie, W.J. y Kuna, W.A. (2017). Meaningful engagement: Impacts of a ‘calling’work orientation and perceived leadership support. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-18. Doi: 10.1017/jmo.2017.19
Liao, C.; Wayne, S.J.; Liden, R.C. y Meuser, J.D. (2017). Idiosyncratic deals and individual effectiveness: The moderating role of leader-member exchange differentiation. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(3), 438-450.
Liden, R.C. y Maslyn, J. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24, 43-72.
Mestre, M.V.; Samper, P.; Frías, M.D. y Tur, A.M. (2009). Are women more empathetic than men? A longitudinal study in adolescence. The Spanish journal of psychology, 12(1), 76-83.
Muchiri, M. K.; Cooksey, R. W. y Walumbwa, F. O. (2012). Transformational and social processes of leadership as predictors of organisational outcomes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(7), 662-683.
Nahrgang, J.D.; Morgeson, F.P. y Ilies, R. (2009). The development of leader-member exchanges: Exploring how personality and performance influence leader and member relationships over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108, 256-266.
Nunally, J. (1978). Psychometric. Nueva York: McGraw Hill.
O’Callaghan R.; Kaufmann P. y Konsynski (1992). Adoption correlates and share effects of electronic data interchange systems in marketing channels. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 45-56.
O’Donnell, M.; Yukl, G. y Taber, T. (2012). Leader behavior and LMX: a constructive replication. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(2), 143-154.
Ordun, G. y Beyhan Acar, A. (2014). Impact of emotional intelligence on the establishment and development of high-quality leader member exchange (LMX). Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 4(2), 111-129.
Parks, B.J.; Bogart, K.; Reynolds, D.F.; Hamilton, M. y Finley, C.J. (1979). Sourcebook of measures of women’s educational equity. Palo Alto, Estados Unidos: American Institutes for Research.
Pfeffer, J. (2015). Leadership BS: Fixing Workplaces and Careers One Truth at a Time. Nueva York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Podsakoff, P.M.; MacKenzie, S.B.; Moorman, R.H. y Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
Preacher, K.J. y Hayes, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers, 36(4), 717-731.
Ryan, M.K.; Haslam, S.A.; Morgenroth, T.; Rink, F.; Stoker, J. y Peters, K. (2016). Getting on top of the glass cliff: Reviewing a decade of evidence, explanations, and impact. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 446-455.
Salas-Vallina, A.; López-Cabrales, Á.; Alegre, J. y Fernández, R. (2017). On the road to happiness at work (HAW) Transformational leadership and organizational learning capability as drivers of HAW in a healthcare context. Personnel Review, 46(2), 314-338.
Salas-Vallina, A. y Fernandez, R. (2017). The HRM-performance relationship revisited: Inspirational motivation, participative decision making and happiness at work (HAW). Employee Relations, 39(5), 626-642.
Schaufeli, W.B. y Bakker, A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Sears, G.J.; y Hackett, R.D. (2011). The influence of role definition and affect in LMX: A process perspective on the personality-LMX relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84, 544-564.
Seligman, M.E.P. (1999). The President’s Address. American Psychologist, 54, 559-562.
Sin, H.P.; Nahrgang, J.D. y Morgeson, F.P. (2009). Understanding why they don’t see eye to eye: An examination of leader–member exchange (LMX) agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 1048.
Spence, J. R.; Brown, D. J.; Keeping, L. M. y Lian, H. (2014). Helpful today, but not tomorrow? Feeling grateful as a predictor of daily organizational citizenship behaviors. Personnel Psychology, 67(3), 705-738.
Villamil, M. y Alonso, M.D.M. (2013). Posición de las mujeres en los equipos de dirección y el crecimiento de las cadenas hoteleras a nivel mundial. Estudios Turísticos, 198, 35-60.
Wang, D.; Gan, C. y Wu, C. (2016). LMX and employee voice: A moderated mediation model of psychological empowerment and role clarity. Personnel Review, 45(3), 605-615.
Warr, P. e Inceoglu, I. (2012). Job engagement, job satisfaction, and contrasting associations with person–job fit. Journal of occupational health psychology, 17(2), 129-238
Weiss, H.M. (2002). Conceptual and empirical foundations for the study of affect at work. En: R.G. Lord, R.J. Klimoski, y R. Kanfer (eds.). Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior (pp. 20-63). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Weiss, H.M. y Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: a theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74.
Williams, L.J.; Gavin, M.B. y Hartman, N.S. (2004). Structural Equation Modeling Methods in Strategy Research: Applications and Issues. En: Research Methodology in Strategy and Management. Editores: Ketchen Jr.; D.J. y Bergh, D.D. Oxford: Elsevier. 303-346.
Zhao, X.; Lynch, J.G. Jr. y Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206.
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