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Picornell-Lucas A., & Rivera-Álvarez J. (2016). Social work and corporal punishment: the meaning attributed by professionals of social services of childcare in Spain. Búsqueda, 3(17), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.21892/01239813.284
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Abstract
This work presents the results of a research focused on analyzing the opinions of childcare professionals with regard to corporal punishment. Thirteen social workers of the Community of Madrid have been interviewed to determine their perceptions on the use of corporal punishment as a family educational strategy. To explore their attitudes and ways the focus group is used, within the qualitative approach. Results show contradictory attitudes among participants. The importance of removing corporal punishment is supported, although it is also stated that its use has no negative consequences. Other topics discussed and analysed were: stressful factors, intergenerational transmission, parenting practices, effectiveness and legal prohibition. From all this we can conclude that the use of corporal punishment as a parental practice does not produce negative impression on social workers, pointing the importance of culture in maintaining such attitudes.
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References
Bardin, L. (1986). El análisis de contenido. Madrid: Akal.
Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: a developmental-ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114 (3), 413-434. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.413.
Berlin, L. J. y otros (2009). Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low income white, african american and mexican american toddlers. Child Development, 80 (5), 1403-1420. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01341.x.
Bradley, R. H. (2001). The home environments of children in the United States part II: relations with behavioral development through age thirteen. Child Development, 72 (6), 1868-1886. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00382.
Bussmann, K. D.; Erthal, C. y Schroth, A. (2009). The effect of banning corporal punishment in Europe: A five-nation comparison. http://www.gruppocrc.net/IMG/pdf/Bussman_-_Europe_5_nation_report_2009.pdf
Calvete, E.; Gámez-Guadix, M. y Orue, I. (2010). El inventario de dimensiones de disciplina (DDI), versión niños y adolescentes: Estudio de las prácticas de disciplina parental desde una perspectiva de género. Anales de Psicología, 26 (2), 410-418.
CIS: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (2005). Actitudes y opiniones sobre la infancia. Estudio nº 2621.
Comité de los Derechos del Niño (2006). Observación general no. 8: El derecho del niño contra la protección a los castigos corporales y otras formas de castigo crueles o degradantes (CRC/C/GC/8). Génova, Suiza: ONU.
Comité de los Derechos del Niño (2011). Observación general no. 13: Derecho del niño a no ser objeto de ninguna forma de violencia. (CRC/C/GC/13). Génova, Suiza: ONU.
Del Río, P. y Álvarez, A. (1997). ¿Saber o comportarse? El desarrollo y la construcción de la directividad. En A. Álvarez (Eds.) Hacia un curriculum cultural. La vigencia de Vygotski en la educación (pp. 101-181). Madrid: Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje.
Dietz, T. (2000). Disciplining children: Characteristics associated with the use of corporal punishment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24 (12), 1529-1542. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00213-1.
Durrant, J. (2003). Legal reform and attitudes toward physical punishment in Sweden. International Journal of Children’s Rights. 11 (2), 147-173. doi: 10.1163/092755603322397241.
Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128 (4), 539-579. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539.
Gershoff, E. T. y Bitensky, S. H. (2007). “The case against corporal punishment of children. Converging evidence from social science research and International Human Rights Law and implications for U.S. Public Policy” Psychology, public policy and law, 13 (4), 231-272. doi: 10.1037/1076-8971.13.4.231.
Global initiative to end all corporal punishment of children (2016). Corporal punishment of children: summaries of prevalence and attitudinal research in the last 10 years. http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/research/prevalence-research/
Gracia, E. y Herrero, J. (2008). Beliefs in the necessity of corporal punishment of children and public perceptions of child physical abuse as a social problem. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32 (11), 1058-1062. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.004.
Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2004) “The effect of corporal punishment on antisocial behavior in children” Social Work Research, 28(3):153–164. doi:10.1093/ swr/28.3.153.
Hart, S. N.; Lee, Y. & Wernham, M. (2011). A new age for child protection-general comment 13: Why it is important, how it was constructed and what it intends. Child abuse and neglect, 35 (12), 970-978. doi 10.1016/j. chiabu.2011.09.007.
Hoffman, M. L. (1983). Affective and cognitive processes in moral internalization. En Higgins, D. N. Ruble y W. W. Hartup (Eds.). Social cognition and social development (pp. 236-274). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Holden, G. W., Coleman, S. M., & Schmidt, K. L. (1995). Why 3-year old children get spanked: Parent and child determinants as reported by college-educated mothers. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41(4), 431–452.
Horno, P. (2005). Amor, poder y violencia. Un análisis comparativo de los patrones de castigo físico y humillante. Madrid: Save the children.
Jackson, S. y otros (1999). Predicting abuse-prone parental attitudes and discipline practices in a nationally representative simple. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23 (1), 15-29. doi:10.1016/ S0145-2134(98)00108-2.
Juste, Mª G.; Morales, J. M. y Costa, M. (1997). Actitudes de los españoles ante el castigo físico infantil. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales. Krippendorff, K. (1990). Metodología de análisis de contenido. Teoría y práctica. Barcelona: Paidós Comunicación.
Lansford, J. E. y otros (2010). Corporal punishment of children in nine countries as a function of child gender and parent gender. International Journal of Pediatrics. doi: 10.1155/2010/672780.
Llopis, R. (2004). Grupos de discusión. Madrid: Esic Editorial.
MacKenzie, M. y otros (2011). Who spanks infants and toddlers? Evidence from the fragile families and child well-being study. Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8), 1364-1373. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.007.
Mahmoud, R., Salah-El-Din, M. y Ibrahim, M. (1998). Children experiencing violence I: parental use of corporal punishment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(10), 959-973. doi:10.1016/S0145- 2134(98)00077-5.
Muller, R. T.; Hunter, J. E. y Stollak, G. (1995). The intergenerational transmission of corporal punishment: A comparison of social learning and temperament models. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19 (11), 1323-1335. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00103-F.
Murillo, S. y Mena, L. (2006). Detectives y camaleones: el grupo de discusión. Madrid: Talasa Ediciones.
Picornell-Lucas, A. y otros (2014). La dignidad del menor en el entorno familiar y la facultad de corrección de los progenitores. En C. Lasarte (Dir.). Relaciones paterno-filiales, vol II, 115- 126. Madrid: Tecnos.
Pinheiro, P (2006). Informe para el estudio de la violencia contra los niños. Ginebra: ONU. http://www.unicef.org/ violencestudy/spanish/reports.html
Roberts, J. V. (2000): Changing public attitudes towards corporal punishment: the effects of statutory reform in Sweden. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24 (8), 1027-1035. doi: 10.1016/S0145- 2134(00)00155-1.
Russell, A. y Russell, G. (1996): Positive parenting and boys’ and girls’ mis-behaviour during a home observation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19 (2), 291-307. doi: 10.1080/016502596385794.
Schmid, H. y Benbenishty, R. (2011). Public attitudes toward child maltreatment in Israel: Implications for policy. Child and Youth Services Review, 33, 1181-1188. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.015.
Simons, D. y Wurtele, S. (2010): Relationships between parents use of corporal punishment and their children’s endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34 (9), 639-646. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.012.
Straus, M. A. (1991): Discipline and deviance: Physical punishment of children and violence and other crime in adulthood. Social Problems, 38, 133-154. doi: 10.2307/800524.
Straus, M. A. (2010). Prevalence, societal causes, and trends in corporal punishment by parents in world perspective. Law and contemporary problems, 73 (2), 1-30.
Straus, M. A. (ed.) (1994). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families. New York. Lexington Books.
Straus, M. A. y Fauchier, A. (2011). Manual for the dimensions of discipline inventory (DDI). http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/DDI.htm
Straus, M. A. y otros (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the parent-child conflict tactics scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of american parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22 (4), 249–270. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9.
Straus, M. A., y Yodanis, C. L. (1996). Corporal punishment in adolescence and physical assaults on spouses later in life: What accounts for the link? Journal of Marriage and Family, 58(4), 825-841. doi: 10.2307/353973.
Suárez, M. (2005): El grupo de discusión. Barcelona. Laertes.
Tang, C. S. (2006). Corporal punishment and physical maltreatment against children: a community study on chinese parents in Hong Kong. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30 (8), 893-907. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.02.012.
Taylor, C. A. y otros (2010): Mother’s spanking of 3 year old children and subsequent risk of children’s aggressive behavior. Pediatrics, 125 (5), 1057-1065. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2678.
UNICEF (2003). A league table of child maltreatment deaths in rich nations: Innocenti Report Card Nº 5. Florencia: Innocenti Research Center. http://www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/repcard5e.pdf
Wareham, J.; Paquette, D. y Chavez, J. (2009): A test of social learning and intergenerational transmission among batterers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37 (2), 163-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.011.
Whipple, E. y Richey, C. (1997). Crossing the line from physical discipline to child abuse: How much is too much? Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(5), 431-444. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00004-5.
Wolfe, D. A. (1985). Child abusive parents: an empirical review and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 97 (3), 462-482. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.462.
Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: a developmental-ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114 (3), 413-434. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.413.
Berlin, L. J. y otros (2009). Correlates and consequences of spanking and verbal punishment for low income white, african american and mexican american toddlers. Child Development, 80 (5), 1403-1420. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01341.x.
Bradley, R. H. (2001). The home environments of children in the United States part II: relations with behavioral development through age thirteen. Child Development, 72 (6), 1868-1886. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00382.
Bussmann, K. D.; Erthal, C. y Schroth, A. (2009). The effect of banning corporal punishment in Europe: A five-nation comparison. http://www.gruppocrc.net/IMG/pdf/Bussman_-_Europe_5_nation_report_2009.pdf
Calvete, E.; Gámez-Guadix, M. y Orue, I. (2010). El inventario de dimensiones de disciplina (DDI), versión niños y adolescentes: Estudio de las prácticas de disciplina parental desde una perspectiva de género. Anales de Psicología, 26 (2), 410-418.
CIS: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (2005). Actitudes y opiniones sobre la infancia. Estudio nº 2621.
Comité de los Derechos del Niño (2006). Observación general no. 8: El derecho del niño contra la protección a los castigos corporales y otras formas de castigo crueles o degradantes (CRC/C/GC/8). Génova, Suiza: ONU.
Comité de los Derechos del Niño (2011). Observación general no. 13: Derecho del niño a no ser objeto de ninguna forma de violencia. (CRC/C/GC/13). Génova, Suiza: ONU.
Del Río, P. y Álvarez, A. (1997). ¿Saber o comportarse? El desarrollo y la construcción de la directividad. En A. Álvarez (Eds.) Hacia un curriculum cultural. La vigencia de Vygotski en la educación (pp. 101-181). Madrid: Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje.
Dietz, T. (2000). Disciplining children: Characteristics associated with the use of corporal punishment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24 (12), 1529-1542. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00213-1.
Durrant, J. (2003). Legal reform and attitudes toward physical punishment in Sweden. International Journal of Children’s Rights. 11 (2), 147-173. doi: 10.1163/092755603322397241.
Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128 (4), 539-579. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539.
Gershoff, E. T. y Bitensky, S. H. (2007). “The case against corporal punishment of children. Converging evidence from social science research and International Human Rights Law and implications for U.S. Public Policy” Psychology, public policy and law, 13 (4), 231-272. doi: 10.1037/1076-8971.13.4.231.
Global initiative to end all corporal punishment of children (2016). Corporal punishment of children: summaries of prevalence and attitudinal research in the last 10 years. http://www.endcorporalpunishment.org/research/prevalence-research/
Gracia, E. y Herrero, J. (2008). Beliefs in the necessity of corporal punishment of children and public perceptions of child physical abuse as a social problem. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32 (11), 1058-1062. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.004.
Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2004) “The effect of corporal punishment on antisocial behavior in children” Social Work Research, 28(3):153–164. doi:10.1093/ swr/28.3.153.
Hart, S. N.; Lee, Y. & Wernham, M. (2011). A new age for child protection-general comment 13: Why it is important, how it was constructed and what it intends. Child abuse and neglect, 35 (12), 970-978. doi 10.1016/j. chiabu.2011.09.007.
Hoffman, M. L. (1983). Affective and cognitive processes in moral internalization. En Higgins, D. N. Ruble y W. W. Hartup (Eds.). Social cognition and social development (pp. 236-274). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Holden, G. W., Coleman, S. M., & Schmidt, K. L. (1995). Why 3-year old children get spanked: Parent and child determinants as reported by college-educated mothers. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41(4), 431–452.
Horno, P. (2005). Amor, poder y violencia. Un análisis comparativo de los patrones de castigo físico y humillante. Madrid: Save the children.
Jackson, S. y otros (1999). Predicting abuse-prone parental attitudes and discipline practices in a nationally representative simple. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23 (1), 15-29. doi:10.1016/ S0145-2134(98)00108-2.
Juste, Mª G.; Morales, J. M. y Costa, M. (1997). Actitudes de los españoles ante el castigo físico infantil. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales. Krippendorff, K. (1990). Metodología de análisis de contenido. Teoría y práctica. Barcelona: Paidós Comunicación.
Lansford, J. E. y otros (2010). Corporal punishment of children in nine countries as a function of child gender and parent gender. International Journal of Pediatrics. doi: 10.1155/2010/672780.
Llopis, R. (2004). Grupos de discusión. Madrid: Esic Editorial.
MacKenzie, M. y otros (2011). Who spanks infants and toddlers? Evidence from the fragile families and child well-being study. Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8), 1364-1373. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.007.
Mahmoud, R., Salah-El-Din, M. y Ibrahim, M. (1998). Children experiencing violence I: parental use of corporal punishment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(10), 959-973. doi:10.1016/S0145- 2134(98)00077-5.
Muller, R. T.; Hunter, J. E. y Stollak, G. (1995). The intergenerational transmission of corporal punishment: A comparison of social learning and temperament models. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19 (11), 1323-1335. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00103-F.
Murillo, S. y Mena, L. (2006). Detectives y camaleones: el grupo de discusión. Madrid: Talasa Ediciones.
Picornell-Lucas, A. y otros (2014). La dignidad del menor en el entorno familiar y la facultad de corrección de los progenitores. En C. Lasarte (Dir.). Relaciones paterno-filiales, vol II, 115- 126. Madrid: Tecnos.
Pinheiro, P (2006). Informe para el estudio de la violencia contra los niños. Ginebra: ONU. http://www.unicef.org/ violencestudy/spanish/reports.html
Roberts, J. V. (2000): Changing public attitudes towards corporal punishment: the effects of statutory reform in Sweden. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24 (8), 1027-1035. doi: 10.1016/S0145- 2134(00)00155-1.
Russell, A. y Russell, G. (1996): Positive parenting and boys’ and girls’ mis-behaviour during a home observation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19 (2), 291-307. doi: 10.1080/016502596385794.
Schmid, H. y Benbenishty, R. (2011). Public attitudes toward child maltreatment in Israel: Implications for policy. Child and Youth Services Review, 33, 1181-1188. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.015.
Simons, D. y Wurtele, S. (2010): Relationships between parents use of corporal punishment and their children’s endorsement of spanking and hitting other children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34 (9), 639-646. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.01.012.
Straus, M. A. (1991): Discipline and deviance: Physical punishment of children and violence and other crime in adulthood. Social Problems, 38, 133-154. doi: 10.2307/800524.
Straus, M. A. (2010). Prevalence, societal causes, and trends in corporal punishment by parents in world perspective. Law and contemporary problems, 73 (2), 1-30.
Straus, M. A. (ed.) (1994). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families. New York. Lexington Books.
Straus, M. A. y Fauchier, A. (2011). Manual for the dimensions of discipline inventory (DDI). http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/DDI.htm
Straus, M. A. y otros (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the parent-child conflict tactics scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of american parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22 (4), 249–270. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9.
Straus, M. A., y Yodanis, C. L. (1996). Corporal punishment in adolescence and physical assaults on spouses later in life: What accounts for the link? Journal of Marriage and Family, 58(4), 825-841. doi: 10.2307/353973.
Suárez, M. (2005): El grupo de discusión. Barcelona. Laertes.
Tang, C. S. (2006). Corporal punishment and physical maltreatment against children: a community study on chinese parents in Hong Kong. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30 (8), 893-907. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.02.012.
Taylor, C. A. y otros (2010): Mother’s spanking of 3 year old children and subsequent risk of children’s aggressive behavior. Pediatrics, 125 (5), 1057-1065. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2678.
UNICEF (2003). A league table of child maltreatment deaths in rich nations: Innocenti Report Card Nº 5. Florencia: Innocenti Research Center. http://www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/repcard5e.pdf
Wareham, J.; Paquette, D. y Chavez, J. (2009): A test of social learning and intergenerational transmission among batterers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37 (2), 163-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.011.
Whipple, E. y Richey, C. (1997). Crossing the line from physical discipline to child abuse: How much is too much? Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(5), 431-444. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00004-5.
Wolfe, D. A. (1985). Child abusive parents: an empirical review and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 97 (3), 462-482. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.462.
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